9^th International Conference on Public Health and Nursing November 18-19, 2020 Singapore City, Singapore

Primary Healthcare is the extremely important first care that is based on scientifically well-done and universally acceptable methods and technology, which make health care easy to get to people and families in a community. The International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC) is a standardized tool for understanding and analyzing information on interventions in primary care by the reason for the patient visit. Common long-lasting sicknesses usually treated in primary care may include high blood pressure, pain, Diabetes, breathing disease, COPD, depression and fear and stress, back pain, painful joint swelling or thyroid dysfunction. Driven by population magnification and aging, the total number of office visits to primary care medicos is projected to increment from 462 million in 2008 to 565 million in 2025. Primary care also includes many basic mother-based and child health care services, such as family planning services and vaccinations.

Nursing Education is committed to improving the quality of care for the cancer patient through education of the professional nursing community. Nurses are mastering the complexities of care and advanced technology - allowing them in greater numbers to contribute decisively on teams, understand health policy, analyze information to make critical decisions, and support the well-being of all.

Nursing Practice provides healthcare across a continuum of services for acute and chronic conditions in hospital, ambulatory, and skilled nursing settings. Nurses share lessons learned, tools, and evidence-based practices across the system. They engage in emergency management and disaster preparedness both in VA and beyond. To improve access to care, nurses help create new models of care like the Primary Care Patient Aligned Care Teams (Patient Centered Medical Home), introduce new nursing roles like the Clinical Nurse Leader (CNL), and advance existing roles, like the use of RN Care Managers to coordinate care.

Nursing care education is an important part of the dignity programme in adapting students for entry into the nursing trade. Student and teacher concept of the relationship between assessment and learning has remained an under-researched area. Data were collected through a series of focus group examination with groups of nursing students, graduates, and teachers. It was revealed that students’ learning during the clinical practicum was, to a large extent, affected by their awareness of the assessment tasks. As a result, they adopted a surface approach to study and target on preparing for the assessment tasks to the drawback of their learning.

There are about 20380000 registered nurses all over the world, there are about 30,000 professionally activated nurses in CANADA, and in Vancouver there are 3152 registered nurses regarding the statistics of 2015. There are many types of nursing like Cancer Nursing, Heart & Cardiovascular Nursing, Pediatric Nursing, Surgical Nursing, Dental Care Nursing, Clinical Nursing, Critical Care & Emergency Nursing, Women Health Nursing

Processes that are handled by an organization’s nurse management team include staffing, organizing, delegating tasks, directing others, and planning. Registered nurses typically undergo further education in order to move into management-level positions

Community health nursing, a field of nursing that is a blend of primary health care and nursing practice with public health nursing. The community health nurse conducts a continuing and comprehensive practice that is preventive, curative, and rehabilitative. The philosophy of care is based on the belief that care directed to the individual, the family, and the group contributes to the health care of the population as a whole. The community health nurse is not restricted to the care of a particular age or diagnostic group.

Family Nursing is "The practical science of preventative and remedial support to the family in order to help the family system unit independently and autonomously maintain and improve its family functions. Family nursing is directed to improving the potential health of a family or any of its members by assessing individual and family health needs and strengths, by identifying problems influencing the health care of the family as a whole and those influencing the individual members, by using family resources, by teaching and counselling, and by evaluating progress toward stated goals.

Nurses are the health workers most frequently found providing primary health care services in rural communities throughout the world. In these settings, often with limited resources and far from professional support systems, nurses may encounter ethical dilemmas quite different from those experienced by their colleagues in urban hospital settings. Consider the following example from a remote island community. A young nurse with two years’ experience in an urban hospital is posted to a remote village. In this country there are very few doctors, so nurses diagnose and treat common health problems.

Occupational health nursing is the specialty practice that provides for and delivers health and safety programs and services to workers, worker populations, and community groups. The practice focuses on promotion and restoration of health, prevention of illness and injury, and protection from work-related and environmental hazards. Occupational health nurses (OHNs) have a combined knowledge of health and business that they blend with healthcare expertise to balance the requirement for a safe and healthful work environment with a “healthy” bottom line.

Geriatric Nursing professionals in a variety of healthcare facilities, including Developing and evaluating care plans Performing patient medical tests in-home or in a medical office.

Establishing a patient care plan and setting health goals. Administering medications to patients based on a care plan.

Reproductive health implies that people can have the capability to reproduce and the freedom to decide if, when and how often to do so. One interpretation of this implies that men and women ought to be informed of and to have access to safe, effective, affordable and acceptable methods of birth control; also access to appropriate health care services of sexual, reproductive medicine and implementation of health education programs to stress the importance of women to go safely through pregnancy and childbirth could provide couples with the best chance of having a healthy infant. Individuals do face inequalities in reproductive health services. Inequalities vary based on socioeconomic status, education level, age, ethnicity, religion, and resources available in their environment. It is possible for example, that low income individuals lack the resources for appropriate health services and the knowledge to know what is appropriate for maintaining reproductive health

Wound care nurses, sometimes referred to as wound, ostomy, and continence (WOC) nurses, specialize in wound management, the monitoring and treatment of wounds due to injury, disease or medical treatments. Their work promotes the safe and rapid healing of a wide variety of wounds, from chronic bed sores or ulcers to abscesses, feeding tube sites and recent surgical openings. Most wound care nurses work in hospitals, nursing homes or travel to patients' homes as home health workers.

A Dermatology Nurse helps patients through the treatment of wounds, injuries, and diseases of the skin. They also perform skin cancer and post-plastic surgery treatments. Dermatology is a huge field, and because skin is an organ like the heart and kidneys, it requires specialized care.

Cardiovascular Nurses play a key role in the evaluation of Cardiovascular Status, Monitoring the Hemodynamic Functions and Disease Management. This module aims to provide nurses with the knowledge and skills to be competent, safe and effective carers of patients presenting with cardiac health problems. Nurses need to understand of current evidence-based practice and guidelines relating to cardiac disease management.

Modern psychiatry too brings with its new controversies such as the medicalization of normal life, the power of the drug companies and the use of psychiatry as an agent of social control.

Dental care is important to prevent dental disease and to maintain proper dental and oral health. Oral problems, including dental and periodontal infections, dry mouth, tooth decay, are all treatable with proper diagnosis and care.

Telehealth nursing has rapidly evolved into a role that is a key member of the patient care team and a meaningful career with opportunities for growth. Today, telehealth nurses work with cutting-edge therapies and support patients in a variety of rare disease states, giving nurses the opportunity to pursue an area they’re passionate about, and are a resource to patients throughout their therapeutic journey. To do this, telehealth nurses need a deep understanding of clinical specialties and therapies.

Critical care nursing is the field of nursing with a focus on the utmost care of the critically ill or unstable patients following extensive injury, surgery or life-threatening diseases. Critical care nurses can be found working in a wide variety of environments and specialties, such as general intensive care units, medical intensive care units, surgical intensive care units, trauma intensive care units, coronary care units, cardiothoracic intensive care units, burns unit, pediatrics and some trauma center emergency departments.

The field of Oncology Nursing, in particular, is probably one of the most challenging and rewarding fields in nursing. For those with cancer, oncology nurses are the ones who are there for us during our most difficult and intimate moments in life, the ones at our bedside, educating us, encouraging us. It is often said that nurses are the heart of health care.

Global Nursing today has adopted several new technologies, simulation and social media in teaching and practice. They are also responsible for the Curriculum innovation & development in the field of Nursing Education. Some Innovations in Nursing Education be,

• Hand-Held Computers in Nursing Education
• E-Learning
• Service-Learning
• Tele Teaching
• Micro Teaching
• Tele Nursing

Public health sciences promote health and quality of life, disease prevention and improvement of health systems. Public health is the science of protecting and improving the health of families and communities through the promotion of healthy lifestyles, research for disease and injury prevention and detection and control of infectious diseases. A large part of public health is promoting health care equity, quality and accessibility. Public Health Sciences has a multidisciplinary approach and a specialization in public health epidemiology. Public health professionals try to prevent problems from happening or recurring through implementing educational programs, recommending policies, administering services and conducting research.

Epidemiology is a science rooted in finding solutions to serious public health problems like cardiovascular disease and cancer. The Epidemiology Section fosters epidemiologic research and science-based public health practice and serves as a conduit between the epidemiologic research community and users of scientific information for the development, implementation and evaluation of policies affecting the public's health. Data concerning determinants and distribution are critical to improving the health of entire populations. In other words, epidemiologists identify why some people get sick and others do not. Epidemiology program are a trans disciplinary approach to disease prevention and our research among populations and communities.

Women's health information covers breast, cancer, heart, pregnancy, sexual health, and mature women related conditions. Women’s Health Care aims to keep health and medical research, particularly the Society for Women’s Health Research, including heart disease. Nurse-midwifery offers a wide variety of professional career pathways. Nurse-Midwives provide primary and gynecologic care to women as well as specialty care and support for expecting mothers and their infants. Nurse-midwives are known for their evidence-based care. In addition to the reproductive science, students examine the influences of culture; tradition and the social, economic and political forces that influence the health of women.

As our health system moves toward value-based models which incentivize positive results rather than individual procedures and treatments, healthcare industry leaders increasingly are regarding the social determinants of health (SDOH) as critical components of these efforts. SDOH are the complex circumstances in which individuals are born and live that impact their health. They include intangible factors such as political, socioeconomic, and cultural constructs, as well as place-based conditions including accessible healthcare and education systems, safe environmental conditions, well-designed neighborhoods, and availability of healthful food. The World Health Organization (WHO) offers this definition of social determinants of health: “The conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age.” The organization further states that “these circumstances are shaped by the distribution of money, power, and resources at global, national and local levels.”

The well-being of mothers, infants, and children determines the health of the next generation and can help predict future public health challenges for families, communities, and the medical care system. Moreover, healthy birth outcomes and early identification and treatment of health conditions among infants can prevent death or disability and enable children to reach their full potential. More than 80% of women in the United States will become pregnant and give birth to one or more children. 31% of these women suffer pregnancy complications, ranging from depression to the need for a cesarean delivery. 

Personalized Medicine is referred as individualized therapy which means the prescription of specific treatments and therapeutics.  Biomarker is a biological characteristic which can be molecular, anatomic, physiologic and chemical change drug development research which turns biomarkers into companion diagnostics. Personalized medicine therapeutics and companion diagnostic market have huge opportunities for growth in healthcare and will improve therapeutic effectiveness and reduce the severity of adverse effects approach to drug therapies. Personalized cancer medicine is self-made samples of translating cancer genetics into medical. Genomic medicine can contribute to personalized medicine Genomics by revealing genomic variations; influence health, sickness and drug response. Predictive medicine is a field of medicine that entails predicting the probability of disease and instituting preventive measures in order to either prevent the disease altogether or significantly decrease its impact upon the patient (such as by preventing mortality or limiting morbidity).